STEM

ITIC 2024 Sexual Harassment, Gender Bias & Equal Pay Survey

2023, Featured, ITIC Reports & Surveys, Laura's Insights ITIC Blog, News / By

This survey polls professional women (including students and interns) in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines on their real-world experiences dealing with the very serious issues of Sexual Harassment, Gender Bias, and Equal Pay in the workplace and how they deal with them.

 

Take the survey here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/VWXRC97

 

Leave a comment along with your email address for a chance to win one of three (3) $100 Amazon gift cards.

All responses are confidential.

 

 

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The Cloud Gets Crowded and more Competitive

2022, Laura's Insights ITIC Blog / By

The cloud is getting crowded.

In 2022 the cloud computing market – particularly the hybrid cloud – is hotter and more competitive than ever.

Corporate enterprises are flocking to the cloud as a way to offload onerous IT administrative tasks and more easily and efficiently manage increasingly complex infrastructure, storage and security. Migrating operations from the data center to the cloud can also greatly reduce their operational and capital expenditure costs.

Cloud vendors led by market leaders like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, SAP, Salesforce, Rackspace Cloud, and VMware, as well as China’s Alibaba and Huawei Cloud, are all racing to meet demand. The current accelerated shift to the cloud was fueled by the COVID-19 global pandemic which created supply chain disruptions and upended many aspects of traditional work life. Since 2020, government agencies, commercial businesses and schools shifted to remote working and learning. Although COVID is generally waning (albeit with continuing flare-ups), a hybrid work environment is the new normal. This in turn, makes a compelling business case for furthering cloud migrations.

In 2022, more than $1.3 trillion in enterprise IT spending is at stake from the shift to cloud, and that revenue will increase to nearly $1.8 trillion by 2025 according to the February 2022 report “Market Impact: Cloud Shift – 2022 Through 2025” by Gartner, Inc. in Stamford, Conn.  Furthermore, Gartner’s latest research forecasts that enterprise IT spending on public cloud computing, within addressable market segments, will outpace traditional IT spending in 2025.

Hottest cloud trends in 2022

Hybrid Clouds

Hybrid cloud is exactly what its name implies: it’s a combination of public, private and dedicated on-premises datacenter infrastructure and applications. Companies can adopt a hybrid approach for specific use cases and applications – outsourcing some portions of their operations to a hosted cloud environment, while keeping others onsite. This approach lets companies continue to leverage and maintain their legacy data infrastructure as they migrate to the cloud.

Cloud security and compliance: There is no such thing as too much security. ITIC’s 2022 Global Server Hardware Security survey indicates that businesses experienced an 84% surge in security incidents like ransomware, email phishing scams and targeted data breaches over the last two years that were especially prevalent and commonplace. The hackers are extremely sophisticated; they choose their targets with great precision with the intent to inflict maximum damage and net the biggest payback. This trend shows no signs of abating. In 2021, the average cost of a successful data breach increased to $4.24 million (USD); this is a 10% increase from $3.86 million in 2020 according to the 2021 Cost of a Data Breach Study, jointly conducted by IBM and the Ponemon Institute. The $4.24 million average cost of a single data breach is the highest number in the 17 years since IBM and Ponemon began conducting the survey. It represents an increase of 10% in the last 12 months and 20% over the last two years. Not surprisingly, in 2021, 61% of malware directed at enterprises targeted remote employees via cloud applications. Any security breach will have a domino effect on regulatory compliance. In response, cloud vendors are doubling down on security capabilities and compliance certifications. There is now a groundswell of demand for Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) cloud security architecture designed to safeguard, monitor and access connectivity among myriad cloud applications services, as well as datacenter IT infrastructure and end user devices. SASE gives users a single sign-on capability across multiple cloud applications while ensuring compliance.

Cloud-based disaster recovery (DR): The ongoing concerns around security and compliance issues has also shone the spotlight on the importance of cloud-based disaster recovery. DR uses cloud computing to back up data and continue to run the necessary business processes in case of disaster. Organizations can utilize cloud-based DR for load balancing and to replicate cloud services across multiple cloud environments and providers. The result: enterprise transactions will continue uninterrupted if they lose access to their physical infrastructure in the event of an outage.

Cloud-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): Another hot cloud trend is the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Both AI and ML allow organizations to cut through the data deluge and process and analyze the data to make informed business decisions and quickly respond to current and future market trends.

Top cloud vendors diversify, differentiate their offerings

There are dozens of cloud providers with more entering this lucrative market arena all the time. However, the top four vendors: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud and IBM Cloud currently account for over 70% of the installed base.

Amazon AWS: Amazon AWS has been the undisputed cloud market leader for the past decade. And it remains the number one vendor in 2022. Simply put, Amazon is everywhere and it has amazing brand recognition. Amazon AWS offers a wide array of services that appeal to companies of all sizes. The AWS cloud-based platform enables companies to build customized business solutions using integrated Web services. AWS also offers a broad portfolio of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS).  These include Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2), Elastic Beanstalk, Simple Storage Service (S3) and Relational Database Service (RDS). AWS also enables organizations to customize their infrastructure requirements and it provides them with a wide variety of administrative controls via its secure Web-based client. Other key features include: data backup and long-term storage; Service Level Agreement (SLA) of “four nines” – 99.99% – guaranteed SLA uptime;  AI and ML capabilities; automatic capacity scaling; support for virtual private clouds and free migration tools.

As with all of the cloud vendors, the devil is in the details when it comes to pricing and cost. On the surface, the pricing model appears straightforward. AWS offers three different pricing options. They are “Pay as you Go,” “Save when you reserve” and “Pay less using more.”  AWS also offers a free 12-month plan. Once the trial period has expired, the customer must either choose a paid plan or cancel its AWS subscription. While Amazon does provide a price calculator to estimate potential cloud costs, the many variables make it confusing to discern.

Microsoft Azure: Microsoft Azure ranks close behind Amazon AWS and the platform has been the catalyst for the Redmond, Washington software giant’s resurgence over the last 12 years. As Microsoft transitioned away from its core Windows-based business model, it used a tried and true success strategy: that is, the integration and interoperability of its various software offerings.  Microsoft also moved its popular and well-entrenched legacy on-premises software application suites like Microsoft Office, SharePoint, SQL Server and others to the cloud. This gave customers a sense of confidence and familiarity when it came to adoption. Microsoft also boasts one of the tech industry’s largest partner ecosystem. Microsoft regularly refreshes and updates its cloud portfolio. In February, Microsoft unveiled three industry-specific cloud offerings: Microsoft Cloud for Financial Services, Microsoft Cloud for Manufacturing and Microsoft Cloud for Nonprofit. All of these services leverage the company’s security and AI functions. For example,  new feature in Microsoft Cloud for Financial Services, called Loan Manager will enable lenders to close loans faster by streamlining workflows and increasing transparency through automation and collaboration.  Microsoft Azure offers all the basic and advanced cloud features and functions including: data backup and storage; business continuity and DR solutions; capacity planning; business analytics; AI and ML; single sign-on (SSO) and multifactor authentication as well as serverless computing. Ease of configuration and management are among its biggest advantages, and Microsoft does an excellent job of regularly updating the platform, but documentation and patches may lag a bit. Azure also offers a 99.95% SLA uptime guarantee which is a bit less than “four nines.”  Again, the biggest business challenge for existing and prospective Azure customers is figuring out the licensing and pricing model to get the best deal.

Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Like Amazon, Google is a ubiquitous entity with strong brand name recognition. Google touts its ability to enable customers to scale their business as needed using flexible, open technology. Google Cloud consists of over 150 products and developer tools. GCP is a suite of cloud computing services provided by Google. It is a public cloud computing platform consisting of a variety of IaaS and PaaS services like compute, storage, networking, application development and Big Data analytics. The GCP services all run on the same cloud infrastructure that Google uses internally for its end-user products, such as Google Search, Photos, Gmail and YouTube, etc. The GCP services can be accessed by software developers, cloud administrators and IT professionals over the internet or through a dedicated network connection. Notably, Google developed Kubernetes, an open source container standard that automates software deployment, scaling and management. GCP offers a wide array of cloud services including: storage and backup, application development, API management, virtual private clouds, monitoring and management services, migration tools, AI and ML. In order to woo customers, Google does offer very steep discounts and flexible contracts.

IBM: It’s no secret that IBM Cloud lagged behind market leaders AWS and Microsoft Azure, but Big Blue shifted into overdrive to close the gap. Most notably, IBM’s 2019 acquisition of Red Hat for $34 billion gave IBM much needed momentum, solidifying its hybrid cloud foundation and expanding its global cloud reach to 175 countries with over 3,500 hybrid cloud customers. And it shows. On April 19, IBM told Wall Street it expects to hit the top end of its revenue growth forecast for 2022. IBM’s Cloud & Data Platforms unit is the growth driver Cloud revenue grew 14% to $5 billion during the just ended March 31 quarter. Software and consulting sales which represent over 70% of IBM’s business were up 12% and 13%, respectively. IBM Cloud incorporates a host of cloud computing services that run on IaaS or PaaS.  And the Red Hat Open Shift platform further fortifies IBM’s hybrid cloud initiatives. Open Shift is an enterprise-ready Kubernetes container platform built for an open hybrid cloud strategy. It provides a consistent application platform to manage hybrid cloud, multicloud, and edge deployments. According to IBM, 47 of the Fortune 50 companies use IBM as their private cloud provider.  IBM has upped its cloud game with several key technologies. They include advanced quantum safe cryptography which safeguards applications running on the IBM z16 mainframe which is popular with high end IBM enterprise customers. Quantum-safe cryptography is as close to unbreakable or impenetrable encryption as a system can get. It uses quantum mechanics to secure and transmit data in a way that currently makes it near-impossible to hack. Another advanced feature is the AI on-chip inferencing, available on the newly announced IBM z16 mainframe. It can deliver up to 300 billion deep learning inference operations per day with 1ms response time. This will enable even non-data scientist customers to cut through the data deluge and predict and automate for “increased decision velocity.”  AI on-chip inferencing can help customers prevent fraud before it happens by scoring up to 100% of transactions in real-time without impacting Service Level Agreements (SLAs). AI on-chip inferencing can also assist companies with compliance; automating the process to allow firms to cut audit preparation time from one month to one week to maintain compliance and avoid fines and penalties. The IBM Cloud also incorporates the Keep Your Own Key (KYOK) which uses z Hyperprotect in the IBM public cloud.  Another key security differentiator is IBM’s Confidential Computing which protects sensitive data by performing computation in a hardware-based trusted execution environment (TEE). IBM Cloud goes beyond confidential computing by protecting data across the entire compute lifecycle. This provides customers with a higher level of privacy assurance – giving them complete authority over data at rest, data in transit and data in use. IBM further distinguishes its IBM Cloud from competitors via its extensive work in supporting and securing regulated workloads, particularly for Financial Services companies. The company’s Power Systems enterprise servers are supported in the IBM Cloud as well. IBM Cloud also offers full server customization; everything included in the server is handpicked by the customer so they don’t have to pay for features they may never use. IBM is targeting its Cloud offering at customers that want a hybrid, highly secure, open, multi-cloud and manageable environment.

Conclusions

Cloud computing adoption – most especially the hybrid cloud model – will continue to accelerate throughout 2022 and beyond. At the same time, vendors will continue to promote AI, machine learning and analytics as advanced mechanisms to help enterprises derive immediate, greater value and actionable insights to drive revenue and profitability.

Security and compliance issues will also be must-have crucial elements of every cloud deployment. Organizations now demand a minimum of four nines of uptime – and preferably, five and six nines of availability – 99.999% and 99.9999% to ensure uninterrupted business continuity. Vendors, particularly IBM with its newly Quantum-safe cryptography capabilities for its infrastructure and IBM Z mainframe, will continue to fortify cloud security and deploy AI.

 

 

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Security, Data Breaches Top Cause of Downtime in 2022

ITIC Reports & Surveys, Laura's Insights ITIC Blog, News / By

A 76% majority of corporations cite Security and Data Breaches as the top cause of server, operating system, application and network downtime, according to ITIC’s latest 2022 Global Server Hardware Security survey which polled 1,300 businesses worldwide.

Security is a technology and business issue that impacts all enterprises. Some 76% of respondents cited security and data breaches as the greatest threat to server, application, data center, network edge and cloud ecosystem stability and reliability (See Exhibit 1). This is a three-fold increase from the 22% of ITIC corporate survey respondents who said security negatively impacted server and network uptime reliability in 2012. The hacks are more targeted, pervasive and pernicious. They are also more expensive and designed to inflict maximum damage and losses on their enterprise and consumer victims.

 

 

Security has a major impact on businesses of all sizes and across all vertical markets. In 2022 nine-in-10 companies estimate that server hardware and server OS security have a significant impact on overall network reliability and daily transactions (See Exhibit 2).

Mean Time to Detection is a Critical Barometer

 

Security hacks and data breaches are a fact of doing business in the digital age.  It’s BIG business for hackers and cyber criminals. At some point, every organization and its critical main line of business servers, server operating systems and applications will be the victims of an attempted or successful data breach of some type.

Data Breaches and Downtime Costs Soar

In 2021 the average cost of a successful data breach increased to $4.24 million (USD); this is a 10% increase from $3.86 million in 2020, according to the 2021 Cost of a Data Breach Study, jointly conducted by IBM and the Ponemon Institute. The $4.24 million average cost of a single data breach is the highest number in the 17 years since IBM and Pokemon began conducting the survey. It represents an increase of 10% in the last 12 months and 20% over the last two years.

The FBI’s 2021 Internet Crime Report, released in March 2022, found that Internet cyber crimes cost Americans $6.9 billion last year. This is more than triple the $2 billion in losses reported in 2020. According to the FBI, it received 847,376 complaints of suspected internet crime; this is a seven percent (7%) compared to 2020.

The FBI 2021 Internet Crime Report said the top three cyber crimes reported by victims in 2021 were: “phishing scams, non-payment/non-delivery scams, and personal data breach. Victims lost the most money to business email compromise scams, investment fraud, and romance and confidence schemes.”

ITIC’s 2022 Global Server Hardware Security survey findings underscore the expensive nature of cyber crime. ITIC’s latest research shows the Hourly Cost of Downtime now exceeds $300,000 for 91% of SME and large enterprises. Overall, 44% of mid-sized and large enterprise survey respondents reported that a single hour of downtime, can potentially cost their businesses over one million ($1 million).

Organizations must rely on strong embedded server and infrastructure security that recognizes the danger, sends alerts and alarms and that possess the ability to isolate the threats. Strong preparedness on the part of the corporation and having a well trained staff of security professionals and IT administrators are of paramount importance.

The more quickly the company’s servers and software can detect a security issue and respond to it, the greater the chances of isolating and thwarting the attack before it can infiltrate the network ecosystem, interrupt data transactions and daily operations and access sensitive data and IP.

Robust security is comprised of two things: solid security products AND strong security policies and procedures administered and monitored by proactive and trained security professionals.

 

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ITIC 2021 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability Survey Results

2021, ITIC Reports & Surveys / By

The technical and business challenges posed by the ongoing global pandemic didn’t compromise the core reliability of IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise and Cisco servers.

For the 13th straight year, IBM’s Z mainframe and mission critical Power servers achieved the highest server hardware reliability and delivered the strongest server security, among 15 different platforms, in ITIC’s annual 2021 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability Survey.

And for the eighth consecutive year, Lenovo’s ThinkSystem servers again matched their best recorded uptime among all Intel x 86 servers along with Huawei’s KunLun and Fusion platforms. The HPE Superdome and the Cisco UCS hardware (in that order), rounded out the top five most reliable vendor hardware platforms (See Exhibit 1).

ITIC’s 2021 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability independent Web-based survey, polled 1,200 corporations across 28 vertical market segments worldwide on the reliability, performance and security of the most popular server platforms from January through June 2021. Additionally, the preliminary findings from ITIC’s 2021 Global Reliability updated survey conducted from September through November 2021, indicate that the IBM Z, IBM Power servers; the Lenovo ThinkSystem and Huawei KunLun and Fusion servers continue to dominate and deliver the highest uptime, availability and security in datacenters and the cloud.

Among the top survey findings:

  • Server Reliability: IBM z14 and z15 outpaced all rivals, matching its best ever results: just 0.60 seconds of per server monthly unplanned downtime. The IBM Power models also equaled their best uptime scores over the last 13 years, with just 1.49 minutes of unplanned per server downtime. The Lenovo ThinkSystem and Huawei KunLun platforms followed closely, each with 1.51 minutes of unplanned per server outages. Inspur was in the middle of the pack with 11 minutes of unplanned per server downtime, while the Dell PowerEdge servers posted 26 minutes of unanticipated outages. Unbranded White box servers (which often run unlicensed or pirated software) again were the least reliable servers with 57 minutes of unplanned per server downtime; this is up two (2) minutes from 2020.
  • Server Availability: The IBM Z servers are in a class by themselves, a 94% majority of IBM Z customers said their businesses achieved unparalleled fault tolerant levels of six and seven nines – 99.9999% and 99.99999% reliability and continuous availability, the best among all server distributions. The IBM Power is close behind with 91% of customers reporting that the Power9 and latest Power10 models deliver a minimum of five and six nines availability/uptime. Meanwhile, 90% of Lenovo ThinkSystem, Huawei KunLun and HPE Superdome enterprises said their businesses achieve a minimum of five and six nines server availability.
  • Cost Effectiveness/Total Cost of Ownership: The most reliable IBM z14 and z15; IBM LinuxONE III and the PowerPower8 and PowerPower9 servers deliver the best TCO and near immediate Return on Investment (ROI). A single minute of per server unplanned downtime on an IBM z14 or z15 server, calculated at a rate of $100,000, costs enterprise customers $1,002. One minute of unplanned downtime on a single IBM Power8 and Power9 calculated at $100,000 an hour costs $2,488. The upcoming Power10, slated to ship in September will likely offer better reliability and lower costs even further. The Lenovo ThinkSystem and Huawei KunLun and Fusion offerings each averaged 1.51 minutes of unplanned per server outages; that equates to per server/per minute downtime charges of $2,521. Unbranded White box servers with 57 minutes of unplanned per server downtime could cost corporations $95,190 when hourly downtime losses are calculated at $100,000 (See Exhibit 3 and Exhibit 4).
  • Security hacks, user error and remote working/remote learning are the top three causes of unplanned downtime. A 73% majority of survey participants cited security as the number one cause of unplanned server downtime; 64% said human error caused unplanned server outages. Meanwhile, 58% of survey participants attributed increased downtime to management and security issues related to COVID-19 issues like remote working and remote academic learning via Zoom meetings for K-through-12 and college classes. While offices and schools were closed during the global pandemic during 2020 and much of 2021, IT and security administrators were hard pressed to effectively manage and secure remote PCs, laptops, notebooks and tablets. Consequently many employees and students did not adequately secure their personal devices. An April 2021 Fortune magazine article   noted that hybrid and remote workplace and academic environments created many positive opportunities for businesses and schools, but they also represent a potential boon for hackers.

 

In 2020, cybercriminals transmitted 61% of malware through cloud applications to target remote workers, according to the July 2021 Netskope Cloud and Threat Report  . The report said that utilizing cloud-based applications enables hackers to circumvent older, legacy Email and Web-based security solutions. The Netskope report further noted that security risks are exacerbated by the fact that 83% of employees and students access sensitive personal data via applications installed on corporate and academic devices e.g., laptops, notebooks and tablets. This can result in dire consequences in the connected digital era. To cite one example, in March 2020, the California State Controller’s Office, which handles $100 billion a year, suffered an email phishing attack on an employee that enabled cyber criminals cloud access to internal documents; once they gained entrance to the employee’s device they were able to successfully phish another 9,000 employees.

 

The reliability and security of server hardware, server operating systems and mission critical applications are critical elements of the core datacenter, network edge and cloud infrastructure.

 

Eighty-nine (89%) percent of organizations require a minimum of “four nines” – 99.99%  reliability to ensure uninterrupted daily business operations and secure data assets to sustain the company’s revenue stream and mitigate risk. And over one-third of organizations now strive for “five nines” 99.999% of uptime; this equals 5.25 minutes of per server unplanned downtime.

Each second and minute of server downtime and the associated mission critical applications costs the business money and raises transactional operations and monetary risks.

In the digital era of interconnected intelligent systems and networks, unplanned downtime of even a few minutes is expensive and disruptive and can reverberate across the entire ecosystem. This includes datacenters; virtualized public, private and hybrid clouds; remote work and learning environments and the intelligent network edge.

ITIC’s 2021 Hourly Cost of Downtime survey indicates a single hour of server downtime totals $300,000 or more for 91% percent of mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises. And among that 91% majority – nearly half or 44% – of corporations said, hourly outage costs exceed one million ($1M) to over five million ($5M).

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IBM, Lenovo and Huawei Servers Most Secure, Suffer Fewest Hacks As COVID-19 Data Breaches Surge

2021, ITIC Reports & Surveys / By

IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise and Cisco hardware are the most secure and reliable servers. These platforms experienced the fewest successful hacks and recorded the least amount of unplanned downtime due to data breaches among mainstream servers in the last year.

Those are the results of the latest ITIC Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability and Security survey which polled over 1,000 businesses worldwide across 28 different vertical market sectors from October 2020 through March 2021.

The most recent ITIC survey statistics indicate that reliability and security are closely intertwined and even symbiotic. The top five most reliable server platforms: the IBM Z, the IBM Power Systems, Lenovo ThinkSystem, Huawei KunLun and Fusion Servers, the HPE Superdome Integrity and Cisco UCS (in that order) also boast the strongest security.

ITIC’s most recent Global Security poll similarly found that IBM, Lenovo, Huawei and HPE mission critical servers experienced the lowest percentages of downtime due to successful security hacks and data breaches.

The IBM Z mainframe outpaced all other server distributions and is in a class of its own as it achieved its most robust security and reliability ratings to date in the latest ITIC study.

Only a miniscule – 0.3% – of IBM Z high end servers, suffered a successful data breach. Among other mainstream hardware platforms, just four percent (4%) of IBM Power Systems and Lenovo ThinkSystem users reported their systems were successfully hacked, while five percent (5%) of Huawei KunLun and HPE Integrity Superdome server customers reported a security breach between March 2020 and April 2021.

Just over one-in-ten or 11% of Cisco UCS servers were successfully hacked. Cisco’s hardware performed extremely well, particularly when one considers that many of the UCS servers are deployed in remote locations and at the network edge, which frequently are the first line of defense and take the brunt of hack attacks.  Unbranded White box servers were the most vulnerable to security penetrations: 44% of ITIC survey respondents reported they were successfully hacked.

The global pandemic sparked a wave of COVID-19 related data breaches, ransomware, phishing, Business Email Compromise (BEC), CEO fraud and attacks that continue unabated.

Overall, ITIC’s survey findings indicate that there is a clear and widening gap in server hardware security and reliability among the top performing platforms and the most insecure offerings. The global pandemic sparked a wave of COVID-19 related data breaches, ransomware, phishing, Business Email Compromise (BEC), CEO fraud and attacks that continue unabated.

Security and reliability issues are closely intertwined: a successful data breach immediately compromises server, application and network uptime and availability. Security will likely persist as the chief threat that causes expensive unplanned downtime and outages.

Survey Highlights

Notably, despite a 31% spike in security hacks and data breaches during the COVID-19 pandemic over the last 16 months, IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, HPE and Cisco maintained their top positions as the most reliable and secure server platforms.

Additionally, the top five server distributions achieved the best security ratings of among all mainstream server hardware platforms in every security category in ITIC’s latest poll, including:

  • The least number of attempted security hacks/data breaches
  • The fewest number of successful security hacks/data breaches
  • The fastest Mean Time to Detection (MTTD) from the onset of the attack until the company isolated and shut it down

The strong security results posted by IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, HPE and Cisco (in that order) are especially noteworthy since they occurred during the height of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Some 31% of ITIC survey respondents said their servers, operating systems and critical business applications suffered successful penetrations by myriad security hacks and data breaches since the outset of COVID-19 in early 2020. This is an increase of 12 percentage points, up from the 19% in ITIC’s 2020 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability survey.

Security is a core component of every organization’s network. Robust security is even more crucial in the COVID-19 era which ushered in a variety of new scams. Some 69% of organizations cited security and data breaches as the greatest threats to the reliability of server, application, data center, network edge and cloud ecosystems. The hacks themselves are more targeted, prevalent, pervasive and pernicious: They are designed to inflict maximum damage and losses on their enterprise and consumer victims.

Data Breaches are Big Business

Data breaches are big business and a primary business for the burgeoning professional hacking community. A successful hack is expensive on many levels. In 2020, the cost of a data breach averaged $3.86 million, according to the 2020 Cost of a Data Breach Study jointly conducted by IBM and the Ponemon Institute[1]. This represents a 10% increase since 2015.

ITIC’s latest survey data also indicates that the Hourly Cost of Downtime now exceeds $300,000 for 88% of businesses. Overall, 40% of mid-sized and large enterprise survey respondents reported that a single hour of downtime, costs their firms over one million ($1 million). A data breach that occurs during peak usage hours and interrupts crucial business operations can cost businesses millions per minute.

Besides the obvious monetary losses due to productivity and disrupted operations, businesses must factor in amount of manpower hours and the number of IT and security administrators involved in remediation efforts and full return to operation.  Companies must also determine whether or not any data or intellectual property (IP) was lost, stolen, damaged, destroyed or changed.  Organizations must also add in the cost of any litigation as well as potential civil or criminal fines/penalties associated with security incidents and data breaches.  Some costs, like damage to an organization’s reputation are incalculable and may result in lost business.

Hackers pick and choose their targets with great precision and are quick to take advantage of every opportunity. The COVID-19 pandemic is a prime example. Hackers immediately set their sights on teleworkers and remote learning students taking online and Zoom classes. They zeroed in on so-called “soft targets.” Local and state municipalities; small and mid-sized school districts, hospitals, health care clinics, doctors’ offices and branch bank offices that may lack full-time onsite security and IT administrators and may not have installed the latest security.

It’s no surprise that vendors like IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, HPE, which perennially achieve top server reliability ratings were also among the most secure hardware platforms.  These vendors and more recently Cisco, have made server security – and in Lenovo’s case server, PC and laptop security – a top priority and have invested heavily in bolstering the inherent security of their product offerings over the last several years. So when the Covid-19 pandemic hit, they already had strong, embedded security and this stood them and their customers in good stead.

The most secure server hardware platforms experienced the fewest successful security breaches. The IBM Z running the z/OS and RHEL Linux and IBM LinuxONE III respondents all said those platforms had no successful security hacks over the 16 months. They were followed by the IBM Power Systems and Linux ThinkSystem servers with one each; Huawei KunLun which averaged two hacks; the HPE Integrity with three successful penetrations and Cisco’s UCS servers with seven data breaches. The unbranded White box servers were the most porous, averaging 20 successful data breaches in the past 16 months.

Data breaches are big business. And they are expensive. The average cost of a data breach in 2020 is $3.86 million, according to the latest 2020 Cost of a Data Breach Study jointly conducted by IBM and the Ponemon Institute[2]. While the report indicates that the average data breach cost declined by a slight 1.5% compared with 2019’s study, the $3.86 million figure still represents a 10% increase since 2015.

A DTEX Systems Report found that “only 30% of organizations were prepared to secure a complete shift to remote work.”  The DTEX Systems study also found that almost 75% of organizations are concerned about the security risks introduced by users working from home and 73% of businesses admitted they have partial or no visibility into user activity if their VPN is disabled by remote workers. Another alarming finding is that teleworkers use their work laptops for personal use; with 25% of respondents acknowledging this increases the risk of drive-by-downloads, with 15% saying their firms are more susceptible to Phishing attacks.

 Conclusions and Recommendations

Security is now the number one issue that negatively undermines the reliability of server hardware, server OS and business critical applications. All organizations should make security a priority and work closely with their vendors to mitigate security risks to an acceptable level.

Every added second and minute of server downtime and application unavailability negatively impacts business operations, employee productivity and revenue.

No server platform, server OS or business application will provide foolproof security. However, IBM, Lenovo, Huawei, HPE and Cisco which are among the most reliable server platforms also provide the greatest levels of inherent security. This enables customers to achieve the greatest economies of scale and safeguard their sensitive IP and data assets. That said, security is a 50/50 proposition. While vendors must deliver robust security, corporations are responsible for maintaining the reliability of their server and overarching network infrastructure. ITIC strongly advise businesses to:

  • Take inventory of all devices and applications across the ecosystem.
  • Conduct security vulnerability testing at least annually and work with third party experts.
  • Have a remediation and governance plan in place in the event your firm is successfully hacked.
  • Ensure that Security and IT professionals receive adequate training.
  • Ensure that end users as well as contract workers and temporary employees receive adequate security awareness training on the latest Email and Phishing scams and ransomware threats.
  • Implement strong security policies and procedures and enforce them.
  • Regularly replace, retrofit and refresh server hardware and server operating systems with the necessary patches, updates and security fixes as needed to maintain system health.
  • Keep up-to-date on the latest security patches and fixes.
  • Ensure that your firm’s hardware and software vendors and cloud vendors meet or exceed the terms of their Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for agreed upon security and reliability levels.

[1] “2020 Cost of a Data Breach Study,” IBM and the Ponemon Institute. URL: https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach

 

[2] “2020 Cost of a Data Breach Study,” IBM and the Ponemon Institute. URL: https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach

 

IBM, Lenovo and Huawei Servers Most Secure, Suffer Fewest Hacks As COVID-19 Data Breaches Surge Read More »

ITIC 2021 Sexual Harassment, Gender Bias & Equal Pay Survey

2021, ITIC Reports & Surveys, Laura's Insights ITIC Blog / By

This survey polls professional women (including students and interns) in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines on their real-world experiences dealing with the very serious issues of Sexual Harassment, Gender Bias and Equal Pay in the workplace and how they deal with them in the era of the #MeToo Movement.

Leave a comment along with your Email address for a chance to win one of three (3) $100 Amazon gift cards.

All responses are confidential.

 

Take the survey here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/W5BZQL8

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High Tech R&D in the COVID-19 Era is Crucial

Laura's Insights ITIC Blog / By

https://www.technewsworld.com/story/86977.html

Maintaining and increasing research and development (R&D) spending in the COVID-19 era is critical for high technology vendors to deliver new solutions and services, continue to innovate and position their businesses to rebound from the negative effects of the global pandemic.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has been disastrous for business around the globe. The nouvel Corona virus has disrupted and continues to upend every aspect of corporate and personal daily life. Analysts and financial advisors/investors concur that wherever possible vendors should continue to aggressively invest in R&D. That is: spend money to make money. …

High Tech R&D in the COVID-19 Era is CrucialRead More »

High Tech R&D in the COVID-19 Era is Crucial Read More »

Forty Percent of Enterprises Say Hourly Downtime Costs Top $1Million

2020, ITIC Reports & Surveys / By

Four in 10 enterprise organizations – 40% – indicate that a single hour of downtime can now cost their firms from $1 million to over $5 million – exclusive of any legal fees, fines or penalties.

Those are the results of ITIC’s 11th annual Hourly Cost of Downtime Survey.  ITIC polled 1,000 businesses from March through June 2020. All categories of businesses were represented in the survey respondent pool: 27% were small/midsized (SMB) firms with up to 200 users; 28% came from the small/midsized (SME) enterprise sector with 201 to 1,000 users and 45% were large enterprises with over 1,000 users. data indicates that over 98% of large enterprises with more than 1000 employees say that on average, a single hour of downtime per year costs their company over $100,000. These statistics represent the “average” hourly cost of downtime.  In a worst case scenario – such as a catastrophic outage that occurs during peak usage times or an event that disrupts a crucial business transaction – the monetary losses to the organization can reach and even exceed millions per minute.

Once again, as in ITIC’s 2019 Hourly Cost of Downtime poll, only a tiny two percent minority of respondents — mainly very small businesses with fewer than 50 employees – reported that downtime costs their companies less than $100,000 in a single 60-minute time period. Downtime costs are also expensive for SMBs with 200 to 500 employees. Nearly half – 47% – of SMB survey respondents estimate that a single hour of downtime can easily cost their firms $100,000 or more in lost revenue, end user productivity and remedial action by IT administrators. To reiterate, these figures are exclusive of penalties, and any ensuing monetary awards that are the result of litigation, civil or criminal non-compliance penalties.

It’s easy to underestimate the cost of downtime, but it adds up quickly. For example: one minute of downtime for a single server in a company that calculates its hourly cost of downtime for a mission critical server or application at $100,000 is $1,667. The overwhelming majority of firms will have multiple servers impacted in an outage — particularly if those servers are located in the cloud or a virtualized environment. That $100,000 of hourly downtime calculation of $1,667 per minute for a single server quickly grows to $16,670 per minute when downtime affects 10 servers and main line of business applications/data assets!  Downtime costs add up quickly for corporate enterprises. And once again, these are just the costs of the actual downtime. It does not factoring in any lost, damaged, stolen, destroyed or changed data.

Small businesses are equally at risk, even if their potential downtime statistics are a fraction of large enterprises.  For example, an SMB company that estimates that one hour of downtime “only” costs the firm $10,000 could still incur a cost of $167 for a single minute of per server downtime. Similarly, an SMB company that assumes that one hour of downtime costs the business $25,000 could still potentially lose an estimated $417 per server/per minute. Very small SMBs – companies with 1 to 100 employees – generally would not rack up hourly downtime costs of hundreds of thousands or millions in hourly losses. Small companies however, typically lack the deep pockets, larger budgets and reserve funds of their enterprise counterparts to absorb financial losses associated with downtime.

Hourly downtime costs of $25,000; $50,000 or $75,000 (exclusive of litigation or civil and even criminal penalties) may be severe enough to put the SMB out of business – or severely damage its reputation and cause it to lose business.

ITIC’s latest Hourly Cost of Downtime survey revealed that for large enterprises, the price tag associated with a 60 minute outage is much steeper: it routinely tops the $5 Million (USD) mark for the top 10 verticals. These include: Banking/Finance; Food; Energy; Government; Healthcare; Manufacturing; Media & Communications; Retail; Transportation and Utilities.

These highly regulated vertical industries must also factor in the potential losses related to litigation. Businesses may also be liable for civil penalties stemming from their failure to meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) or Compliance Regulations. Moreover, for select organizations, whose businesses are based on compute-intensive data transactions, like stock exchanges or utilities, losses may be calculated in millions of dollars per minute.

ITIC’s 11th annual Hourly Cost of Downtime Survey,  conducted in conjunction with the ITIC 2020 Global Server Hardware Server OS Reliability Survey – found that an 87% majority of organizations now require a minimum of 99.99% availability. This is up from 81% in the last 2 ½ years. The so-called 99.99% or “four nines” of reliability equals 52 minutes of unplanned per server/per annum downtime for mission critical systems and applications or, 4.33 minutes of unplanned monthly outages for servers, applications and networks.

Overall, hourly downtime costs will continue to soar. And this means that companies of all sizes across all vertical markets will have little or no tolerance for downtime.

 

Forty Percent of Enterprises Say Hourly Downtime Costs Top $1Million Read More »

ITIC 2020 Reliability Poll: IBM, Lenovo, HPE, Huawei Mission Critical Servers Deliver Highest Uptime, Availability

2020, 2021, ITIC Reports & Surveys, Laura's Insights ITIC Blog / By

For the 12th straight year, IBM’s Z mainframe and Power Systems, achieved the highest server; server operating system reliability and server application availability rankings, along with Lenovo’s ThinkSystem servers which delivered the best uptime among all Intel x 86 servers for the last seven consecutive years, in ITIC’s 2020 Global Server Hardware and Server OS Reliability survey.
ITIC’s latest independent survey data finds that the most reliable mainstream server platforms – the IBM Power Systems, Lenovo ThinkSystem, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) and Huawei KunLun deliver up to 26x more uptime and availability than the least dependable unbranded “White box” servers.

The superior uptime of the above top ranked mission critical hardware makes them up to 34x more economical and cost effective than the least stable White box servers.

High end mission critical servers from IBM and Lenovo both registered under two (2) minutes of per server, per annum unplanned downtime due to inherent flaws in the underlying hardware or component parts. Cisco, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) and Huawei server platforms were close behind: each recorded approximately two minutes or a few seconds more downtime attributable to inherent issues with the hardware. Among mainstream servers, IBM POWER8 and POWER9, along with the Lenovo x86 ThinkSystem servers; the HPE Integrity Superdome X and Huawei’s mission critical KunLun servers continue to deliver the highest levels of reliability/uptime among 18 server platforms. (See Exhibit 1).

The least consistent hardware – unbranded White box servers – averaged 53 minutes of unplanned per server downtime due to problems or failures with the server or its components (e.g. hard drive, memory, cooling systems etc.). This represents an increase of four (4) minutes of downtime compared with ITIC’s 2019 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Mid-Year Update survey.
ITIC’s independent Web-based survey polled over 1,200 businesses worldwide from November 2019 through March 2020. The study compares and analyzes the reliability and availability of over one dozen mainstream server platforms and one dozen operating system (OS) distributions. To obtain the most accurate and unbiased results, ITIC accepts no vendor sponsorship.

IBM’s System Z server is in a class of its own. It maintained its best in class rating among all server platforms. An 83% majority of IBM respondent organizations said their firms achieved five and six nines – 99.999% and 99.9999% – or greater uptime. Nine-in-10 IBM Z customers reported that the mainframe recorded just 0.62 seconds of unplanned per server downtime each month and 7.44 seconds annually due to inherent flaws in the server hardware or its component parts. Less than one-half of one percent of IBM Z respondents said the mainframe experienced unplanned outages exceeding four (4) hours of annual downtime.

The economic annual downtime cost comparisons among the top performing and the least reliable server hardware platforms is staggering.

A single hour of downtime estimated at $300,000, equates to $4,998 per server/per minute.

According to that metric, organizations using the most reliable IBM POWER8 and POWER9; Lenovo x86-based ThinkSystem; HPE Integrity or Huawei KunLun servers that experienced just under or just over two (2) minutes would spend $9,996 in annual per server downtime costs due to inherent flaws in server hardware or component parts (See Table 2).

By contrast, corporations using Dell PowerEdge servers which experienced 26 minutes of per server/per minute downtime at the same $300,000 per hourly downtime rate potentially would rack up yearly outage costs of $130,026 for a single server.

Corporations deploying the least reliable unbranded White box servers that registered 53 minutes of per server, per minute downtime can expect to incur possible downtime losses of $264,894 specifically related to server hardware flaws and bugs in the OS and applications. The four additional minutes of downtime – from 49 minutes per server in ITIC’s 2019 poll, to 53 minutes of per server outage time in 2020, represents a cost increase of $19,992 compared with the White box server 2019 per server, per minute downtime price tag of $244,902.

Time is money.

The higher monetary costs associated with unbranded White box servers are not surprising. The unbranded White box servers frequently incorporate inexpensive components. And some businesses recklessly run unsupported or pirated versions of operating systems and applications. The aforementioned hourly downtime examples are for just one server. Downtime costs can mount quickly and reach into the millions for corporations with dozens or hundreds of highly unreliable servers.

Survey Highlights

Among the other top survey findings:

• Reliability: IBM Power Systems and Lenovo ThinkSystem hardware and the Linux operating system distributions were once again either first or second in every reliability category, including server, virtualization and security.
• Availability: IBM Z mainframe, Power Systems, Lenovo ThinkSystem, HPE Integrity and Huawei KunLun all provided the highest levels of server, applications and service availability. That is, when the servers did experience an outage due to an inherent system flaw, they were of the shortest duration – typically one-to-five minutes.
• Technical Support: Businesses gave high marks to IBM, Lenovo, HPE, Huawei and Dell tech support. Only 1% of IBM and Lenovo customers and 2% of HPE and Huawei users gave those vendors “Poor” or “Unsatisfactory” customer support ratings.
• Hard Drive Failures Most Common Technical Server Flaw: Faulty hard drives are the chief culprits in inherent server reliability/quality issues (58%) followed by Motherboard issues (43%) and processor problems (38%).
• IBM, Lenovo and Huawei KunLun Servers Had Fewest Hard Drive Failures: IBM, Lenovo and Huawei’s KunLun platforms experienced the fewest hard drive quality or failure issues among all of the server distributions within the first one, two and three years of service. Less than one percent – 0.4% – of IBM Z mainframes, for example, experienced technical problems with their hard drives in the first year of usage, followed by the IBM Power Systems and Lenovo ThinkSystem with one percent (1%) each during the first 12 months of deployment.
• Security is Top External Issue Negatively Impacting Reliability: Security and data breaches now have the dubious distinction of being the top cause of downtime.
• Minimum Reliability Requirements Increase: An 88%majority of corporations now require a minimum of “four nines” of uptime – 99.99% for mission critical hardware, operating systems and main line of business (LOB) applications. This in an increase of five (5) percentage points from ITIC’s 2018 Reliability survey.
• Patch Time Increases: Seven-in-10 businesses now devote from one hour to over four hours applying patches. This is primarily due to a spike in wide ranging security issues such as Email Phishing scams, Ransomware, CEO fraud as well as malware and viruses.
• Increased Server Workloads Cause Reliability Declines: The survey data found that reliability declined in 67% of servers over four (4) years old, when corporations failed to retrofit or upgrade the hardware to accommodate increased workloads and larger, more compute intensive applications. This is up 23% from the 45% of businesses that said uptime declined due to higher workloads in the ITIC 2018 Reliability poll.
• Hourly Downtime Costs Rise: A 98% majority of firms say hourly downtime costs exceed $150,000 and 88% of respondents estimate hourly downtime expenses exceed $300,000. Just over one-third of ITIC survey respondents – 34% – estimate the cost of a single hour of downtime now tops one million ($1,000.000).

Server hardware, server operating system – and by extension, virtualization reliability, uptime and availability are the core foundational elements of the overarching health of an organization’s entire Digital Age ecosystem and the life blood of daily business operations.

The core reliability of corporate servers, server operating systems and the mission critical applications that run on them are absolutely imperative. The inherent reliability of enterprise hardware, OS and applications are necessary to maintain daily, uninterrupted business operations; ensure secure access to proprietary assets; mitigate risk and drive revenue.

ITIC 2020 Reliability Poll: IBM, Lenovo, HPE, Huawei Mission Critical Servers Deliver Highest Uptime, Availability Read More »

IBM, Lenovo, HPE and Huawei Servers Maintain Top Reliability Rankings; Cisco Makes Big Gains IBM, Lenovo hardware up to 24x more reliable; 28x more economical vs. least reliable White box servers

2019, ITIC Reports & Surveys / By

ITIC’s latest 2019 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability Mid-Year Update survey results indicate that mission critical servers from IBM, Lenovo, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) and Huawei all maintained their top positions, achieving “four to six nines” of uptime.
These findings come at a time when businesses’ demand for high reliability and continuous, uninterrupted data access is at an all-time high.
ITIC’s latest survey data finds that the most reliable mainstream server platforms – the IBM Power Systems, Lenovo ThinkSystem, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) and Huawei KunLun deliver up to 24x more uptime and availability than the least dependable unbranded “White box” servers. Additionally, the superior uptime of the above top ranked mission critical hardware makes them up to 28x more economical and cost effective than the least stable White box servers.
High end mission critical server distributions from IBM, Lenovo, HPE and Huawei each recorded just under or approximately two (2) minutes of per server, per annum unplanned downtime due to inherent flaws in the underlying hardware or component parts (See Exhibit 1). By contrast, the least consistent hardware – unbranded White box servers – averaged 49 minutes of unplanned per server, per annum downtime due to problems or failures with the server or its components (e.g. hard drive, memory, cooling systems etc.).
Server hardware reliability directly impacts ongoing daily business transactions and productivity. There are immediate monetary costs associated with server outages of even a few minutes. The disparity in the annual downtime cost comparisons among the top performing and the least reliable server hardware, is eye-opening.

A single hour of downtime calculated at $100,000 equates to $1,667 per server/per minute.

Corporations that deploy the most highly reliable servers: the IBM Power Systems; Lenovo ThinkSystem; HPE Superdome and Huawei KunLun (in that order) that averaged just under or about two (2) minutes of unplanned per server downtime, potentially could expect to lose approximately $3,000 per server/per minute for an hour of downtime calculated at a very conservative $100,000. By contrast, businesses that deploy the least reliable unbranded White box servers which recorded 49 minutes of unplanned per server annual downtime due to the inherent hardware instability could potentially lose $81,683 based on hourly downtime costs of $100,000. The superior economics of the most reliable versus least reliable servers is even more apparent for businesses that estimate or calculate hourly downtime losses of $300,000; $500,000 or $1,000,000 or higher.

Servers are the bedrock upon which the entire network infrastructure and extended network ecosystem rests. When servers fail, data access is denied. Business stops. Productivity ceases. Revenue suffers.

Some 86% of organizations now require a minimum 99.99% reliability for their firms’ server hardware, operating systems and main line-of-business applications to ensure productivity and deliver uninterrupted data access. High reliability and availability also safeguards the corporation’s daily operations, business processes and revenue stream.

IBM Z, IBM POWER, Lenovo ThinkSystem, HPE Integrity and Huawei KunLun Servers Maintain Highest Uptime Rankings

The latest ITIC 2019 Reliability Mid-Year Update survey polled over 800 corporations from July through early September. The study compared the reliability and availability of over one dozen of the most widely deployed mainstream server platforms and one dozen operating system (OS) distributions. ITIC’s latest study updated a select subset of the survey questions from its annual 2019 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability poll. The poll also tracked the impact of pivotal issues like security, human error, software flaws and aging server hardware on corporate server reliability. To obtain the most accurate and unbiased results, ITIC accepted no vendor sponsorship.

Organizations conduct business 24 x 7 irrespective of time or location, 365 days a year. Corporations continue to expand their operations into the cloud and connect people, applications and devices via the Internet of Things (IoT). Applications like Analytics, AI and Business Intelligence (BI) are complex and compute intensive. They place greater demands on the server hardware. The corporate workforce is increasingly mobile. Users access data from myriad devices. Companies require fast, efficient processing and throughput. It must be secure by design, secure in use, secure in transmission and secure at rest.

To reiterate, all of the high end mission critical servers maintained their top ranked positions from ITIC’s earlier 2019 Global Server Hardware Server OS Reliability Survey published in the first calendar quarter of this year.
The IBM Z mainframe system is in a class of its own, delivering true fault tolerance – “six nines” – 99.9999% uptime to 89% of enterprise users. It delivered imperceptible instances of inherent server failure – 0.74 seconds per/server due to any inherent flaws in the server hardware.

Among the mainstream server distributions, IBM’s Power Systems topped the poll, registering a record low of 1.75 minutes per server downtime followed very closely by the Lenovo Think System servers with 1.88 minutes of per server downtime due to any flaws in the server hardware. Hewlett Packard Enterprise’s (HPE) Superdome X, Huawei’s KunLun FusionServer x86 platforms each recorded 2 minutes of server downtime due to any underlying problems with the server hardware.
Each of these distributions delivered a solid “five nines,” 99.999% of inherent hardware reliability. These leading edge server platforms experienced minimal amounts of unplanned downtime due to flaws in the server hardware or any of its component parts.
ITIC’s 2019 Reliability Mid-Year Update Survey did deliver a few surprises. Cisco Systems’ Unified Computing System (UCS) servers – which are frequently deployed at the network edge – showed a marked improvement in reliability. The Cisco UCS servers reduced per server/per annum downtime by nearly 50% from the 4.1 minutes in ITIC’s prior first quarter reliability survey to 2.3 minutes in the latest poll.
ITIC’s Mid-Year Update survey for the first time also included uptime statistics for Inspur Systems, headquartered in Jinan, China as one of the top five server vendors worldwide in terms of shipments. Inspur server offerings scored in the middle range of hardware platforms with 9.1 minutes of unplanned downtime.

Metrics of three, four and five nines of uptime – 99.9%, 99.99% and 99.999%, – equate to 8.76 hours; 4.38 hours, 52.56 and 5.26 minutes of per server/per annum downtime, respectively.

IBM, Lenovo, HPE and Huawei Servers Maintain Top Reliability Rankings; Cisco Makes Big Gains IBM, Lenovo hardware up to 24x more reliable; 28x more economical vs. least reliable White box servers Read More »

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